CINEMATOGRAPHY

Cinematography

Cinematography is the combination of the techniques described in this chapter. This includes camera shots, camera angles, camera movement and lighting. Use the term cinematography to group all of these together, for example, 'The cinematography in that film was exceptional.'

Camera shots 

A camera shot is is the space seen on one shot or frame. film shots are used to show the different settings, character and theme. camera shots are very important there are different types off camera shots:
Extreme long shots: this shot contains a large amount of landscape.often used in the beginning of a film.
Long shot: it's the same as the extreme long shot but gives the viewer a clear close up image of the setting.
Full shot: contain a full viewer of the characters. from this shot the viewers can see the costume of the characters and their relationship with other characters
Mid shot: this is a shot which is waist up from the character. from this shot viewers ca see the face of the character clearly
Close up: contains one characters face or any other object. it shoes the emotions of the character
Extreme close up:this technique is most common in horror movies

CAMERA ANGLE 

camera angle an camera shots are two different things. do not confuse them both. camera shots are used to show the characters expressions and feeling and the surrounding around them.  camera angle are positioned in a way to show the audience the relation ship between the two characters. 
The following are examples of camera angles:

Birds eye angle: is an angle that looks directly down at a scene. 

High angle: An angle that looks directly down at a subject. A character shot with a high angle will look vulnerable or small These angles are often used to demonstrate to the audience a perspective of a particular character.

Eye level angle: this angle puts the audience in the same prospective as the character. 

Low angle: this shows the character from below making them look more powerful and dominant.

slanted: this is also known as Dutch tilt this is where the camera is tilted to one side so the horizon is on the angle. this creates an dramatic effect. 

Camera movement 

A crane shot: is often used to signify the end of a film or a scene. The effect is achieved by the camera being put on a crane that can move upwards. 

Tracking shot/ dolly shot: have the same effect a tracking shot moves on tracks. A dolly shot is mounted on a trolley. this camera movement is used in a number of ways normally used to explore a room.  By using a tracking shot or a dolly shot the composer of a film gives the viewer a detailed tour of a situation. its also can be used to follow a character. 

Panning: is used to give the viewer panoramic view of a set or a setting. this can be used to establish a scene. 

Tilt:Vertical movement of the camera angle, i.e. pointing the camera up and down (as opposed to moving the whole camera up and down)

Lighting 

Lighting is a very important aspect for shaping meaning in films. What kind of atmosphere is created in a room lit by candles? Have you ever heard of mood lighting? A room that is brightly lit by neon lights might seem to be sterile or a shadowy room might be eerie or scary. The lighting technicians in a film crew have the task of creating lighting to suit the mood and atmosphere of each scene in a film.

Remember that lighting is used in still image visual texts as well as in films.

remakes- The Italian Job

Remakes 

The Italian Job (1969) 

The Italian job is a British caper film. Written by Troy Kennedy Martin, produced by Michel Deeley and directed by Peter Collinson. The Italian job was released on 2 Junes 1969.

Charlie has just left prison  and not is look for a big job. The job is to steal $4m of gold arriving from china to Italy. Charlie needs help so he goes to Mr Bridger ( Mafia Boss) who is in prison. ( Charlie has to break in ) In Italy a clever plan is used to distract the authorities. while the raiders make there way in cars. This leads to an excellent car chase through Italy streets.

The Italian Job (2003) 

This film was a remake of the 1960's Italian job. The Italian job was made in 2003 a criminal film. Directed by F. Gary Gray, written by Wayne and Donner Powers and produced by Donald DeLine.

Its about a team of thieves who plan to steal gold from a former associate who double-crossed them. Despite the shared title, the plot and characters of this film differ from those of its source material; Gray described the film as "an homage to the original".

Players 

players is a 2012 Indian film a thriller heist film. the film was directed by Abbas and Mustan Burmawalla and was joint produced by Viacom 18 motion pictures and Burmawalla patners. the film was released on`6 January 2012. The movie is the same pot as the Italian job which was made in 2003

Editing

Thinking Film

I am going to be looking at the editing techniques in from the film Hot Fuzz. i`m going to be looking at different types of editing techniques such as: 
Cut: Is a trivial from one shot to another. 
Eyeline match :It is based on the premise that the audience will want to see what the character on-screen is seeing
Transitions:  when scenes and shots are combined 
Fade:fade-out and fade-in are used to describe a transition to and from a blank image. This is in contrast to a cut where there is no such transition
Cross cutting: Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations. In across-cut, the camera will cut away from one action to another action, which can suggest the simultaneity of these two actions but this is not always the case.
Montage: a technique in film editing in which a series of short shots are edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information. The term has been used in various contexts
Shot reverse shot:is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. Since the characters are shown facing in opposite directions, the viewer assumes that they are looking at each other.
Dissolve:The slow fading of one shot into another
Final cut: The finished edit of a film, approved by the director and the producer. This is what the audience sees.

At the start of the scene as you can see Sargent angel is on a horse, riding the horse on the street equipment  with guns  and other dangerous equipment. This is a wide long sot of Sargent angel. in this scene everything is cleat the street behind Sargent angel is clear there is no blurriness everything can be seen. even the houses at the far-end of the road. 

In this scene black transitions were used. This transition created a very serous atmosphere which also linked to the scene and what the director was going to portray. 

This is shot is closer to Sargent angel. This shot is a wide close up of Sargent angel. If you look carefully the set behind Sargent angel is slightly out of focus. 

Another black transition to to give a smooth change to the picture.

The camera has become more closer to Sargent angel in this scene you can see much of the road all you can see is the houses behind blurred out. Sargent angel is clear and stood out from the background 

There was no transition used to here. The shots cut instantly to the kids looking at Sargent angel. 

Here the editor used shot reverse shot we see Sargent angel from the teenager point of view. this is clear technique because here angel looks more superior than the teenagers. 

In this shot we see Sargent angle sitting on the horse and the teenagers still looking at him in shock.

Now we see Sargent angle looking down at the teenagers it looks as he is going to do something very important.

The teenager look confused and lost still there is not transition used.

The camera is back on Sargent angel. Angel still has not moved.

The last shot is of the can still there is not transition used.

Remakes- Three men and a baby

Film remakes

why make remakes?
the reason directors make remakes is because it easy and simple. There not much stress involved. Because the  director doesn't need to worry about the plot and how the scene should be like. Remakes are like copying something and adding your own twist easy and simple. Sometimes directors make  remakes because they might like a movie from they were  a kid and have liked a scene so they might remake it, or maybe if a film has a good plot but it didn't look right on screen which was made over 50 years ago. 

Three men and a baby 

Three men and a baby is a remake of a movie called three men and a cradle a French movie unfortunately I could not find the trailer for three men and a cradle. Three men and a bay is about three room-mates that live together. One day out of nowhere a baby is left outside the apartment door which is apparently one of there lovers baby. One of the three room-mates is the father of the baby that was left outside there apartment. So the tree men try do adapt their life in to father hood.  The script was based on the 1985 French film Trois hommes et un couffin. The film was the biggest american box office hit that year. The movie won the 1988 peoples choice award for favourite comedy motion picture. 

The film was directed by Leonard Nimoy. produced by Ted Field Robert. W . Court. Based on Trois hommes et un couffin. The movie starred Tom Selleck, Steve Guttenburg and Ted Danson. The film was release on November 25 1987. Three men and a baby was made in America. 

Heyy babyy

Heyy baby is a remake of Three men and a baby.
The story line is similar however there are some differences in Heyy babyy. Heyy babyy is has a little bit of a a plot change. In heyy baby the father of the babyy tries to win the mother back and marries her at the end. 

 This film was directed by Sajid Khan. It was produced by Sajid Nadiawala. The movie starred Akshay Kumar, Ritesh Deshmukh and Fardeen Khan. Heyy babyy was released on August 24 2007. It was made in India and made 1.62 billion in the box office. 

My Silent Film

UNIT 45 COMMERCIAL AND RADIO PRODUCTION

Unit 26: Video Technology- Mikes first assignment

Principles of video Technology

Key terms

What is aspect ratio?

Aspect ratio is basically two numbers separated by a colon (:), for example 4:3 or 1.33:1. The first number stands for the width of the screen and the second for the height.

Over a century ago the first film were projected on the aspect ratio 4:3

However in the 1950s TV became very popular and film studios fell nervous. Some people even predicted the death of cinema. 

Aspect ratio is an image projection that describes the relation chip between the width and the height of an image. For example movies which are shot with a wide lens have an aspect ratio of an 16:9, which means the width of the image area is twice the height. Whereas the traditional television and computer display are designed aspect ratio of 1.33:1. Which means the width of the screen is 1.33 times the height, almost a square. Nowadays television screens use an aspect ratio of 16:9 due to the HDTV wide screen.

What is composite video?

Composite video  is also known as base band video or RCA. Composite video is an analog video transmission without audio (sound). That transmits image in the image data in a conventional National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) television signal. Composite video contains tone saturation and lighting information. It also contains  synchronization and blanking pulses in one signal.

What is component video?

Component video is a signal that is split into two components. The information is stored in three separate signals. Component video is contrasted with composite video. The video information is combined in to a single signal. Used in analog television. Component video cables do not have audio they are paired with audio cables. So When you connect your TV to a play station or a blu ray DVD player you use a component TV cable to connect the TV to the DVD player or play station. To make the HDMI to have a very high performance.

What is HDMI interface?

HDMI short for High Definition Multimedia Interface. HDMI support two way digital communication between video source and video display with just one cable. Before HD television most TV display pictures were known as standard display at the aspect ratio 4:3. However HDTV on the other hand are digital. They use information in ones and zeros. This information is carried through the cable as electrical pulses. HDTV's have and Aspect Ratio of 16:9. Compared to standard TV HD is a widescreen. Also HDTV display more colour than standard television. Which than leads us to HDMI. HDMI was created by a group of manufactures. HDMI make a hug difference to the image on a HD  television. HDMI can cut down the amount of cables needed.

What is PAL?

Pal short for Phase Alternating Line. PAL is a colour encoding system for analogue television.

What is NTSC?     

Is the video system or standard used in North America and most of South America. In NTSC, 30 frames are transmitted each second. Each frame is made up of 525 individual scan lines

Satellite and cable are two different way to broadcast television. One advantage of cable is that it is less likely to get affected by the weather but it is way more expensive than satellite television. Cable is better for people who rent houses rather than people who want a long term contract. Satellite can be disturbed by the weather but it cheaper. Not all the time you get what you want. Cable is only available in the areas were the provider offers service. However satellite can be offered any where because you only need a dish facing the south. Also satellite is less of a hassle you only have to pay one a year where as cable it's a monthly payment. Often satellite and cable may both offer the same channels but with basic satellite you get over 200 channels this is the same as a premium cable which makes satellite better than cable. Cable only offers local channels whereas satellite offer both east and west channels, sport channels and other international channels that the cable does not offer

Whereas internet is everything at your finger tips. Internet is easy to access. You can watch what you want when you want. Also if you need to take a toilet break get the phone you can pause whatever show you are watching. All you need is a internet connection. With terrestrial digital TV you need an antenna with a strong signal which means you might need to upgrade. Turning to distant stations is a big problem if the signal drops between a certain level. But with internet TV you don't need to worry about programmers on TV channels from other countries because they are at your finger tips. Movie packages such as Amazon on demand Netflix and other similar companies are available  so there not missing a show or watching the latest film problem. Changing the channel on a terrestrial digital TV can be a problem because  hanging the TV channel take longer than analogue  TV because it takes the receiver more time  to decode the signal. However terrestrial TV is free. Unlike the internet there is a lot of cost involved with internet TV. You need necessary accessories to connect to the internet such as power line adapters or wireless internet. Not all shows have made it onto the internet yet. Which means you need to keep you cable or satellite subscription to watch everything you wish. TV companies do not show each and every episode online. Terrestrial TV more channels come from online time to time and many cables and satellite companies never offer you channels for free.

Overall I think that satellite TV is the best because with now a day technology you can watch catch up TV and there option where you can pause or rewind your show that you are watching and you can also watch the latest movies just by paying a little extra. Whereas internet TV you have to search what you want to watch and then it buffers when you watching it. Satellite TV now gives you options to watch programs you missed a week ago. It's easy and simple.

   

It's really interesting to know that technology has evolved over time. One of the the main examples of that is cameras. One of the best thing about digital cameras is that you don't need to  shoot a limited amount of video you can shoot as much as you want because of the massive amount of storage. Digital cameras don't need cells they have a battery that you charge which can last you up to 3 hours. With digital cameras you don't need to  buy an expensive film. So you can capture alot of footage for free. The first few cameras you had to wind the camera to make a film. Because technology has advanced so much that no such activity is required for digital cameras. You don't even have you worry about the footage being out of focus all what you do is click that's all and move the camera to whatever place you want and let the camera do its magic. Digital cameras are made with a face detecting system. You don't have to worry about blurriness' anymore on a person's face or on a abject. You can also blur out things in the background if you want to . digital cameras allow you to edit you footage so you choose what part of the video you want and which part you don't. You can upload the footage you have recorded to your computer or laptop.  so it's safe and it doesn't get lost even if the camera gets damaged you still have the footage and any pictures you have taken. It's easy to share your footage after you have edited the footage you can upload it online.  Digital recording cameras have a viewing screen so you can see your footage once you have recorded the footage.  Using  a digital camera is easier on the environment. So the world is encouraging moving to a greener planet. Processing a film with a toxic is definitely bad for the environment. With digital cameras say goodbye to processing. Thanks to editing anyone and everyone can make a little movie based on anything editing allows you to add many different images and overlap to different footage's over each other to create a special effect .

We have used 2 different types of cameras the big Sony film camera with the format AVCHD.mp4, and the digital SLR which uses the format QuickTime.MOV.  AVCHD is a recording format that is used for recording high definition video. AVCHD is only made for high definition digital video cameras. Which records on a high definition signal using high efficiency technology. The MP4 format is made to compress the video for it to be less in size.  AVCHD records high definition video for all sort of media which allows you to put the video on DVD, memory card, hard drive disk and many other things. If there is space on the recording media then it will allow you to record it does not overwrite. Video can be searched for and played without any problem. AVCHD also allows long recordings with high definition. AVCHD if is advanced camcorder format.  Digital video cameras can shoot raw or compressed footage's. So can the DSLR but using a different format called QuickTime MOV. QuickTime MOV is the most well know Apple format used file format for video files. MOV can be used for many different editing code such as Apple ProRes and Apple intermediate. Both Canon and the Nikon cameras use the MOV format.

To undertake a good footage you need to look at the following things: You have to make sure if the image is focused. Is the image clear. The image must be clear not blurry. There are two types of focus auto and manual. Auto focus only focuses on the lens area it also adjust itself to the object it is focusing on, whereas manual focus can be controlled by the person. Also to maintain a good footage you need to make sure there is not too much or to less exposure. Exposure is the amount of light you have at your scene. If it is over exposed there is too much light and if its underexposed there is to less light. If it's under exposed the screen can go dark. If there is too much light a object can look dark. Most importantly you have to look at white balance. White balance is balancing the type of light. There are two types of light day light and artificial light. Different kinds of light produce different kind of tone. Different lights produce different types of colour temperatures. In different place the light conditions change. There is a procedure you do called white balance. It super improves the quality of the image there are normally four options on a digital camera auto ,indoor, outdoor and manual(one push). Set up you camera and lights the last thing you do is your white balance. Sound, you have to make sure you sound clear to check thins you put on a set of head phones and you check your sound. Composition is a adjustment to make sure the position of you camera is appropriate. Last but not least is the rule of thirds you must make sure that everything you want is in the screen to check this you position your camera and look into the screen and check that nothing is being cut that shouldn't; also nothing extra is being added something that is  not needed.